The Influenza Centre

Augmented CD4(+) T-cell and humoral responses after repeated annual influenza vaccination with the same vaccine component A/H1N1pdm09 over 5 years. Trieu MC, Zhou F, Lartey SL, Sridhar S, Mjaaland S, Cox RJ. NPJ Vaccines. 2018 Aug 14;3:37. doi: 10.1038/s41541-018-0069-1. eCollection 2018. PubMed PMID: 30131880; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC6092382.


Impact of erythrocyte species on assays for influenza serology. Trombetta CM, Ulivieri C, Cox RJ, Remarque EJ, Centi C, Perini D, Piccini G, Rossi S, Marchi S, Montomoli E. J Prev Med Hyg. 2018 Mar 30;59(1):E1-E7. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.1.870. eCollection 2018 Mar. PubMed PMID: 29938233; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6009068.


Antibody responses to influenza A/H1N1pdm09 virus after pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccination in healthcare workers: a five-year follow-up study. Trieu MC, Jul-Larsen Å, Sævik M, Madsen A, Nøstbakken JK, Zhou F, Skrede S, Cox RJ. Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Jun 9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy487. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29893797.


T follicular-like helper cells in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Brokstad KA, Fredriksen M, Zhou F, Bergum B, Brun JG, Cox RJ, Skarstein K. Scand J Immunol. 2018 Jun 8:e12679. doi: 10.1111/sji.12679. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29882349.


Clinical Expectations for Better Influenza Virus Vaccines-Perspectives from the Young Investigators' Point of View. Mohn KG, Zhou F. Vaccines (Basel). 2018 May 26;6(2). pii: E32. doi: 10.3390/vaccines6020032. Review. PubMed PMID: 29861454; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6027204.


Improving influenza vaccines: challenges to effective implementation. Zhou F, Trieu MC, Davies R, Cox RJ. Curr Opin Immunol. 2018 Apr 29;53:88-95. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.010. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 29719276.


Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Ianevski A, Zusinaite E, Kuivanen S, Strand M, Lysvand H, Teppor M, Kakkola L, Paavilainen H, Laajala M, Kallio-Kokko H, Valkonen M, Kantele A, Telling K, Lutsar I, Letjuka P, Metelitsa N, Oksenych V, Bjørås M, Nordbø SA, Dumpis U, Vitkauskiene A, Öhrmalm C, Bondeson K, Bergqvist A, Aittokallio T, Cox RJ, Evander M, Hukkanen V, Marjomaki V, Julkunen I, Vapalahti O, Tenson T, Merits A, Kainov D. Antiviral Res. 2018 Jun;154:174-182. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.016. Epub 2018 Apr 23. PubMed PMID: 29698664.


Impact of pre-existing immunity on the induction of functional cross-reactive anti-hemagglutinin stalk antibodies following vaccination with an AS03 adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 vaccine. Tete SM, Jul-Larsen Å, Rostami S, Lunde THF, Søland H, Krammer F, Cox RJ.
Vaccine. 2018 Apr 12;36(16):2213-2219. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.022. Epub 2018 Mar 13. PubMed PMID: 29548607.


Antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving immunomodulatory therapy. Olberg HK, Eide GE, Cox RJ, Jul-Larsen Å, Lartey SL, Vedeler CA, Myhr KM. Eur J Neurol. 2018 Mar;25(3):527-534. doi: 10.1111/ene.13537. Epub 2018 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 29205701.


Distinct T and NK cell populations may serve as immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus infection during pregnancy. Savic M, Dembinski JL, Laake I, Hungnes O, Cox R, Oftung F, Trogstad L, Mjaaland S. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 16;12(11):e0188055. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188055. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29145441; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5690673.


Mucosal Administration of Cycle-Di-Nucleotide-Adjuvanted Virosomes Efficiently Induces Protection against Influenza H5N1 in Mice. Ebensen T, Debarry J, Pedersen GK, Blazejewska P, Weissmann S, Schulze K, McCullough KC, Cox RJ, Guzmán CA. Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 28;8:1223. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01223. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 29033942; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5624999.


Immune responses after live attenuated influenza vaccination. Mohn KG, Smith I, Sjursen H, Cox RJ. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Mar 4;14(3):571-578. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1377376. Epub 2018 Jan 3. PubMed PMID: 28933664; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5861782.


A DNA Vaccine That Targets Hemagglutinin to Antigen-Presenting Cells Protects Mice against H7 Influenza. Andersen TK, Zhou F, Cox R, Bogen B, Grødeland G. J Virol. 2017 Nov 14;91(23). pii: e01340-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01340-17. Print 2017 Dec 1. PubMed PMID: 28931687; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5686743.


Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Stalk-Specific Antibodies in Human Serum are a Surrogate Marker for In Vivo Protection in a Serum Transfer Mouse Challenge Model. Jacobsen H, Rajendran M, Choi A, Sjursen H, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Palese P, Krammer F, Nachbagauer R. MBio. 2017 Sep 19;8(5). pii: e01463-17. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01463-17. PubMed PMID: 28928215; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5605943.


Influenza A haemagglutinin specific IgG responses in children and adults after seasonal trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccination. Islam S, Mohn KG, Krammer F, Sanne M, Bredholt G, Jul-Larsen Å, Tete SM, Zhou F, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ. Vaccine. 2017 Oct 9;35(42):5666-5673. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.044. Epub 2017 Sep 9. PubMed PMID: 28899626.


H1N1 vaccination in Sjögren's syndrome triggers polyclonal B cell activation and promotes autoantibody production. Brauner S, Folkersen L, Kvarnström M, Meisgen S, Petersen S, Franzén-Malmros M, Mofors J, Brokstad KA, Klareskog L, Jonsson R, Westerberg LS, Trollmo C,
Malmström V, Ambrosi A, Kuchroo VK, Nordmark G, Wahren-Herlenius M. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Oct;76(10):1755-1763. doi:
10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210509. Epub 2017 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 28760805; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5629946.


High Prevalence of Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Influenza Viruses in Preschool Children Living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Dembinski JL, Mihret A, Yimer SA, Tessema B, Trieu MC, Tarekegn A, Getachew N, Cox RJ, Oftung F, Haneberg B, Aseffa A, Mjaaland S. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017 Feb 11;4(1):ofx026. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx026. eCollection 2017 Winter. PubMed PMID: 28480294; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC5414001.


Boosting of Cross-Reactive and Protection-Associated T Cells in Children After Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination. Mohn KGI, Zhou F, Brokstad KA, Sridhar S, Cox RJ. J Infect Dis. 2017 May 15;215(10):1527-1535. doi:10.1093/infdis/jix165. PubMed PMID: 28368530; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5461427.


Long-term Maintenance of the Influenza-Specific Cross-Reactive Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Repeated Annual Influenza Vaccination. Trieu MC, Zhou F, Lartey S, Jul-Larsen Å, Mjaaland S, Sridhar S, Cox RJ. J Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 1;215(5):740-749. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw619. PubMed PMID: 28007925.


Comparative analysis of influenza A(H3N2) virus hemagglutinin specific IgG subclass and IgA responses in children and adults
after influenza vaccination. Manenti A, Tete SM, Mohn KG, Jul-Larsen Å, Gianchecchi E, Montomoli E, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ. Vaccine. 2017 Jan 3;35(1):191-198. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.024. Epub 2016 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 27789145.


Pulmonary changes in Norwegian fatal cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) infection: a morphologic and molecular genetic
study. Voltersvik P, Aqrawi LA, Dudman S, Hungnes O; Norwegian Lung Pathology Group, Bostad L, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 Nov;10(6):525-531. doi:10.1111/irv.12410. Epub 2016 Sep 1. PubMed PMID: 27413002; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC5059952.


Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Children Induces B-Cell Responses in Tonsils. Mohn KG, Brokstad KA, Pathirana RD, Bredholt G, Jul-Larsen Å, Trieu MC, Lartey SL, Montomoli E, Tøndel C, Aarstad HJ, Cox RJ. J Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1;214(5):722-31. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw230. Epub 2016 May 30. Erratum in: J Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 3;:. PubMed PMID: 27247344; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC4978372.


Humoral, T-cell and B-cell immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients receiving anti-T
cell therapies. Héquet D, Pascual M, Lartey S, Pathirana RD, Bredholt G, Hoschler K, Hullin R, Meylan P, Cox RJ, Manuel O. Vaccine. 2016 Jun 30;34(31):3576-83. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.021. Epub 2016 May 21. PubMed PMID: 27219339.


Self-reported influenza vaccination and protective serum antibody titers in a cohort of COPD patients. Eagan TM, Hardie JA, Jul-Larsen Å, Grydeland TB, Bakke PS, Cox RJ. Respir Med. 2016 Jun;115:53-9. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.04.008. Epub 2016 Apr 20. PubMed PMID: 27215504.


Mortality related to hospital-associated infections in a tertiary hospital; repeated cross-sectional studies between 2004-2011. Koch AM, Nilsen RM, Eriksen HM, Cox RJ, Harthug S. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2015 Dec 29;4:57. doi: 10.1186/s13756-015-0097-9. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26719795; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4696323.


Dissecting the hemagglutinin head and stalk-specific IgG antibody response in healthcare workers following pandemic H1N1 vaccination. Tete SM, Krammer F, Lartey S, Bredholt G, Wood J, Skrede S, Cox RJ. NPJ Vaccines. 2016;1. pii: 16001. doi: 10.1038/npjvaccines.2016.1. Epub 2016 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 29250435; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5707877.


Immune Responses in Acute and Convalescent Patients with Mild, Moderate and Severe Disease during the 2009 Influenza Pandemic in Norway. Mohn KG, Cox RJ, Tunheim G, Berdal JE, Hauge AG, Jul-Larsen Å; Norwegian Pandemic Group, Peters B, Oftung F, Jonassen CM, Mjaaland S. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 25;10(11):e0143281. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143281. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26606759; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4659565.


Impact of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Muthuri SG, Venkatesan S, Myles PR, Leonardi-Bee J, Lim WS, Al Mamun A, Anovadiya AP, Araújo WN, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Báez C, Bantar C, Barhoush MM, Bassetti M, Beovic B, Bingisser R, Bonmarin I, Borja-Aburto VH, Cao B, Carratala J, Cuezzo MR, Denholm JT, Dominguez SR, Duarte PA, Dubnov-Raz G, Echavarria M, Fanella S, Fraser J, Gao Z, Gérardin P, Giannella M, Gubbels S, Herberg J, Higuera Iglesias AL, Hoeger PH, Hoffmann M, Hu X, Islam QT, Jiménez MF, Kandeel A, Keijzers G, Khalili H, Khandaker G, Knight M, Kusznierz G, Kuzman I, Kwan AM, Lahlou Amine I, Langenegger E, Lankarani KB, Leo YS, Linko R, Liu P, Madanat F, Manabe T, Mayo-Montero E, McGeer A, Memish ZA, Metan G, Mikić D, Mohn KG, Moradi A, Nymadawa P, Ozbay B, Ozkan M, Parekh D, Paul M, Poeppl W, Polack FP, Rath BA,
Rodríguez AH, Siqueira MM, Skręt-Magierło J, Talarek E, Tang JW, Torres A, Törün SH, Tran D, Uyeki TM, van Zwol A, Vaudry W, Velyvyte D, Vidmar T, Zarogoulidis P; PRIDE Consortium Investigators, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2016 May;10(3):192-204. doi: 10.1111/irv.12363. Epub 2016 Feb 1. PubMed PMID: 26602067; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4814862.


Epitope specific T-cell responses against influenza A in a healthy population. Savic M, Dembinski JL, Kim Y, Tunheim G, Cox RJ, Oftung F, Peters B, Mjaaland S. Immunology. 2016 Feb;147(2):165-77. doi: 10.1111/imm.12548. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PubMed PMID: 26489873; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4717245.


Influenza Vaccination Strategies: Comparing Inactivated and Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines. Sridhar S, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ. Vaccines (Basel). 2015 Apr 24;3(2):373-89. doi: 10.3390/vaccines3020373. Review. PubMed PMID: 26343192; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4494344.


The expression of B & T cell activation markers in children's tonsils following live attenuated influenza vaccine. Panapasa JA, Cox RJ, Mohn KG, Aqrawi LA, Brokstad KA. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(7):1663-72. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1032486. PubMed PMID: 26148331; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4514187.


Matrix M H5N1 Vaccine Induces Cross-H5 Clade Humoral Immune Responses in a Randomized Clinical Trial and Provides Protection from Highly Pathogenic Influenza Challenge in Ferrets. Cox RJ, Major D, Pedersen G, Pathirana RD, Hoschler K, Guilfoyle K, Roseby S,
Bredholt G, Assmus J, Breakwell L, Campitelli L, Sjursen H. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 6;10(7):e0131652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131652.
eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26147369; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4493055.


Persistence and avidity maturation of antibodies to A(H1N1)pdm09 in healthcare workers following repeated annual vaccinations. Eidem S, Tete SM, Jul-Larsen Å, Hoschler K, Montomoli E, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ. Vaccine. 2015 Aug 7;33(33):4146-54. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.081. Epub 2015 Jun 7. PubMed PMID: 26057137.


Single dose vaccination of the ASO3-adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 monovalent vaccine in health care workers elicits homologous and cross-reactive cellular and humoral responses to H1N1 strains. Lartey S, Pathirana RD, Zhou F, Jul-Larsen Å, Montomoli E, Wood J, Cox RJ.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(7):1654-62. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1048939. PubMed PMID: 26009966; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4514283.


Validation of Single Radial Haemolysis assay: A reliable method to measure antibodies against influenza viruses. Trombetta CM, Perini D, Vitale L, Cox RJ, Stanzani V, Piccirella S, Montomoli E. J Immunol Methods. 2015 Jul;422:95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.04.009. Epub 2015 Apr 22. PubMed PMID: 25910832.


Vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant neuraminidase induces broad heterologous, but not heterosubtypic, cross-protection against
influenza virus infection in mice. Wohlbold TJ, Nachbagauer R, Xu H, Tan GS, Hirsh A, Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Palese P, Krammer F. MBio. 2015 Mar 10;6(2):e02556. doi: 10.1128/mBio.02556-14. PubMed PMID: 25759506; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4453582.


Induction of Local Secretory IgA and Multifunctional CD4⁺ T-helper Cells Following Intranasal Immunization with a H5N1 Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Trondsen M, Aqrawi LA, Zhou F, Pedersen G, Trieu MC, Zhou P, Cox RJ.
Scand J Immunol. 2015 May;81(5):305-17. doi:10.1111/sji.12288. PubMed PMID: 25737202.

Monitoring infection prevalence in a major hospital; an important aspect of infection prevention and control programs. Koch AM, Nilsen RM, Dalheim A, Cox RJ, Harthug S. Journal of Infection and Public Healt 2014, J Infect Public Health. 2014. pii: S1876-0341(14)00182-8.

Statistical and methodological concerns about the beneficial effect of neuraminidase inhibitors on mortality. Leonardi-Bee J, Venkatesan S, Muthuri SG, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Myles PR; PRIDE research consortium. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 Jul;2(7):e10-2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70137-7.

Induction of broadly-reactive anti-hemagglutinin stalk antibodies by an H5N1 vaccine in humans. Nachbagauer R, Wohlbold TJ, Hirsh A, Hai R, Sjursen H, Palese P, Cox RJ Krammer F. Journal of Virology 2014 Nov;88(22):13260-8.

The influence of tonsillectomy on total serum antibody levels. Mart GP, Mohn KG, Cox RJ, Brokstad KA. Scand J Immunol. 2014 Nov;80(5):377-9.

Experimental infection of healthy volunteers with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli wild-type strain TW10598 in a hospital ward. Skrede S, Steinsland H, Sommerfelt H, Aase A, Brandtzaeg P, Langeland N, Cox RJ, Sævik M, Wallevik M, Skutlaberg DH, Tellevik MG, Sack DA, Nataro JP, Guttormsen AB. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014; Sep 4;14:482.

Book Chapter Influenza Vaccines. Jul-Larsen Å, Cox RJ. Editor Dr Viroj Wiwanitkit ebook Influenza Management. 2014 in press.

Vaksinasjon mot influensa? Greve-Isdahl Mohn K, Cox RJ. Best Practice 2014.

The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral aetiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie K, Cleary P, Khaw FM, Lim WS, Makki S, Rooney KD; Convalescent Plasma Study Group, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Beck CR. J Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 16. pii: jiu396.

An H7N1 influenza virus vaccine induces broadly reactive antibody responses against H7N9 in humans. Krammer F, Jul-Larsen Å, Margine I, Hirsh A, Sjursen H, Zambon M, Cox RJ. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 2014 Jun 18. pii: CVI.00272-14. [Epub ahead of print]

Intranasal H5N1 vaccines, adjuvanted with chitosan derivatives, protect ferrets against Highly Pathogenic Influenza intranasal and intratracheal challenge. Mann AJ, Noulin N, Catchpole A, Stittelaar KJ, Leon de Waal L, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Hinchcliffe M, Smith A, Montomoli E, Piccirella S, Osterhaus ADME, Knight A, Oxford JS, Lapini G, Cox RJ, Lambkin-William R. PLOSone 2014;9(5):e93761.

Serum IgG titres, but not avidity, correlates with neutralising antibody response after H5N1 vaccination. Pedersen G, Hoschler K, Øie Solbak SM, Bredholt G, Pathirana RD, Afsar A, Breakwell L, Nøstbakken JK, Raae AJ, Brokstad KA, Sjursen H, Zambon M, Cox RJ. Vaccine 2014, ul 31;32(35):4550-7.

Matrix MTM adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces balanced Th1/Th2 CD4+ T cell responses in man. Pedersen G, Sjursen H, Nøstbakken JK, Jul-Larsen Å, Cox RJ. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014, 2014;10(8):2408-16.

Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in hospitalized A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza patients. Muthuri S, Venkatesan S, Myles P, et al. Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2014; 2 (5):395-404

Divergent H7 immunogens offer protection from H7N9 challenge. Krammer F, Albrecht RA, Tan G, Hai R, Margine I, Schmolke M, Runstadler J, Wilson P, Cox RJ, Treanor JJ, García-Sastre A, Palese P. Journal of Virology 2014;88(8):3976-85

Immunotherapies influence the influenza vaccination response in multiple sclerosis patients; an explorative study. Olberg HK, Cox RJ, Nostbakken JK, Aarseth JH, Vedeler CA, Myhr KM. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2014 20: 1074-80.

Reduced hospital stay in influenza patients after mass vaccination during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Norway. Greve‐Isdahl Mohn K, Lærum BN, Skrede S, Cox RJ, Dyrhol‐Riise AM, Simonsen HE, Langeland N, Aβmus J, Akselsen P-E, Sjursen H, Smith I. Vaccines and Vaccination 2013, 4:197. doi: 10.4172/2157-7560.1000197. http://omicsonline.org/reduced-hospital-stay-in-influenza-patients-after...

The emergence of H7N9 viruses: a chance to redefine correlates of protection for influenza virus vaccines. Krammer F, Cox RJ. Expert Review of Vaccines 2013 Dec;12(12):1369-72.

A study of Chitosan and c-di-GMP as mucosal adjuvants for intranasal influenza H5N1 vaccine. Svindland SC, Pedersen GK, Pathirana RD, Bredholt G, Nøstbakken JK, Jul-Larsen A, Guzmán CA, Montomoli E, Lapini G, Piccirella S, Jabbal-Gill I, Hinchcliffe M, Cox RJ. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Nov;7(6):1181-93.

Correlates of protection to influenza; where do we go from here? Cox RJ. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2013 Jan 4;9(2).

Pandemic vaccination of healthcare workers: Improved immune responses in low responders following revaccination. Bredholt G, Pedersen GK, Pathirana RD, Akselsen PE, Cox RJ. Letter The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2013;207(7):1186-8.

A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination of healthcare workers: Improved immune responses in low responders following revaccination. Pathirana RD, Bredholt G, Akselsen PE, Pedersen GK, Cox RJ. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2012;206(11):1660-9.

Th1 Cells Elicited by H5N1 Vaccination Predict Seroprotection. Pedersen G, Madhun AS, Breakwell L, Hoschler K, Sjursen H, Pathirana R, Goudsmit J, Cox RJ. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2012;206(2):158-66.

The human potential of a recombinant pandemic influenza vaccine produced in tobacco plants. Jul-Larsen Å, Madhun AS, Brokstad KA, Montomoli E, Yusibov V, Cox RJ. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2012 1;8(5).

The Mucosal Vaccine Quandary: Intranasal Versus Sublingual Immunisation Against Influenza. Pedersen GK, Cox RJ. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 2012 1;8(5).

The mucosal and systemic immune responses elicited by a chitosan-adjuvanted intranasal influenza H5N1 vaccine. Svindland SC, Jul-Larsen A, Pathirana R, Andersen S, Madhun A, Montomoli E, Gill I, Cox RJ. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2012;6(2):90-100.

Influenza-like illness in general practice in Norway: clinical course and attitudes towards vaccination and preventive measures during the 2009 pandemic. Simonsen KA, Hunskaar S, Wensaas KA, Rortveit S, Cox R, Njolstad G, et al. Fam Pract. 2012;29(2):139-46.

Evaluation of the sublingual route for administration of influenza H5N1 virosomes in combination with the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP. Pedersen GK, Ebensen T, Gjeraker IH, Svindland S, Bredholt G, Guzman CA, et al. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e26973.

Matrix-M adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine confers protection against lethal viral challenge in a murine model. Pedersen G, Major D, Roseby S, Wood J, Madhun AS, Cox RJ. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2011 Nov;5(6):426-37.

Pandemic influenza vaccination elicits influenza-specific CD4+ Th1-cell responses in hypogammaglobulinaemic patients: four case reports. Pedersen G, Halstensen A, Sjursen H, Naess A, Kristoffersen EK, Cox RJ. Scand J Immunol. 2011 Aug;74(2):210-8.

Intranasal c-di-GMP-adjuvanted plant-derived H5 influenza vaccine induces multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. Madhun AS, Haaheim LR, Nostbakken JK, Ebensen T, Chichester J, Yusibov V, et al. Vaccine. 2011 Jul 12;29(31):4973-82.

Evaluation of a virosomal H5N1 vaccine formulated with Matrix M adjuvant in a phase I clinical trial. Cox RJ, Pedersen G, Madhun AS, Svindland S, Saevik M, Breakwell L, et al. Vaccine. 2011 Oct 19;29(45):8049-59.

Immune correlates of protection against influenza: challenges for licensure of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines, Miami, FL, USA, March 1-3, 2010. Haaheim LR, Katz JM. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2011 Jul;5(4):288-95.

An adjuvanted pandemic influenza H1N1 vaccine provides early and long term protection in health care workers. Madhun AS, Akselsen PE, Sjursen H, Pedersen G, Svindland S, Nostbakken JK, et al. Vaccine. 2010 Dec 16;29(2):266-73.

Intramuscular Matrix-M-adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine induces high frequencies of multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong antibody responses in mice.
Madhun AS, Haaheim LR, Nilsen MV, Cox RJ.
Vaccine. 2009 Dec 9;27(52):7367-76.

A cell-based H7N1 split influenza virion vaccine confers protection in mouse and ferret challenge models.
Cox RJ, Major D, Hauge S, Madhun AS, Brokstad KA, Kuhne M, Smith J, Vogel FR, Zambon M, Haaheim LR, Wood J.
Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2009 May;3(3):107-17.

A pilot study of the immune response to whole inactivated avian influenza H7N1 virus vaccine in mice.
Hovden AO, Brokstad KA, Major D, Wood J, Haaheim LR, Cox RJ.
Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2009 Jan;3(1):21-8.

The immunogenicity of a cell-derived H7N1 split influenza virion vaccine in mice.
Hauge S, Madhun AS, Major D, Brokstad KA, Vogel FR, Zambon M, Wood J, Haaheim LR, Cox RJ.
Scand J Immunol. 2009 Jun;69(6):576-8.

A phase I clinical trial of a PER.C6 cell grown influenza H7 virus vaccine.
Cox RJ, Madhun AS, Hauge S, Sjursen H, Major D, Kuhne M, Höschler K, Saville M, Vogel FR, Barclay W, Donatelli I, Zambon M, Wood J, Haaheim LR.
Vaccine. 2009 Mar 18;27(13):1889-97.

Influenza: the virus and prophylaxis with inactivated influenza vaccine in "at risk" groups, including COPD patients.
Hovden AO, Cox RJ, Haaheim LR.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2007;2(3):229-40. Review.

Local and systemic cytokine and chemokine responses after parenteral influenza vaccination.
Eriksson JC, Cox RJ, Szyszko E, Davidsson A, Brokstad KA.
Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2007 Jul;1(4):139-46.

Quality and kinetics of the antibody response in mice after three different low-dose influenza virus vaccination strategies.
Hauge S, Madhun A, Cox RJ, Haaheim LR.
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Aug;14(8):978-83.

A comparison of the humoral and cellular immune responses at different immunological sites after split influenza virus vaccination of mice.
Hauge S, Madhun AS, Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Haaheim LR.
Scand J Immunol. 2007 Jan;65(1):14-21.

Pandemic influenza vaccine development: time is of the essence.
Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Haaheim LR.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2006 Oct;5(5):603-6.

Impact of influenza vaccine formulation with a detailed analysis of the cytokine response.
Szyszko E, Brokstad K, Cox RJ, Hovden AO, Madhun A, Haaheim LR.
Scand J Immunol. 2006 Nov;64(5):467-75.

The humoral and cellular responses induced locally and systemically after parenteral influenza vaccination in man.
Cox RJ, Haaheim LR, Ericsson JC, Madhun AS, Brokstad KA.
Vaccine. 2006 Nov 10;24(44-46):6577-80.

The humoral immune response and protective efficacy of vaccination with inactivated split and whole influenza virus vaccines in BALB/c mice.
Cox RJ, Hovden AO, Brokstad KA, Szyszko E, Madhun AS, Haaheim LR.
Vaccine. 2006 Nov 10;24(44-46):6585-7.

Two doses of parenterally administered split influenza virus vaccine elicited high serum IgG concentrations which effectively limited viral shedding upon challenge in mice.
Hovden AO, Cox RJ, Madhun A, Haaheim LR.
Scand J Immunol. 2005 Oct;62(4):342-52. Erratum in: Scand J Immunol. 2005 Oct;62(4):420.

Whole influenza virus vaccine is more immunogenic than split influenza virus vaccine and induces primarily an IgG2a response in BALB/c mice.
Hovden AO, Cox RJ, Haaheim LR.
Scand J Immunol. 2005 Jul;62(1):36-44.

Influenza virus: immunity and vaccination strategies. Comparison of the immune response to inactivated and live, attenuated influenza vaccines.
Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Ogra P.
Scand J Immunol. 2004 Jan;59(1):1-15. Review.

Parenteral vaccination against influenza does not induce a local antigen-specific immune response in the nasal mucosa.
Brokstad KA, Eriksson JC, Cox RJ, Tynning T, Olofsson J, Jonsson R, Davidsson A.
J Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 1;185(7):878-84.

Non-lethal viral challenge of influenza haemagglutinin and nucleoprotein DNA vaccinated mice results in reduced viral replication.
Cox RJ, Mykkeltvedt E, Robertson J, Haaheim LR.
Scand J Immunol. 2002 Jan;55(1):14-23.

The effect of zanamivir treatment on the early immune response to influenza vaccination.
Cox RJ, Mykkeltvedt E, Sjursen H, Haaheim LR.
Vaccine. 2001 Sep 14;19(32):4743-9.

High prevalence of influenza specific antibody secreting cells in nasal mucosa.
Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Eriksson JC, Olofsson J, Jonsson R, Davidsson A.
Scand J Immunol. 2001 Jul-Aug;54(1-2):243-7.

The effect of age and natural priming on the IgG and IgA subclass responses after parenteral influenza vaccination.
El-Madhun AS, Cox RJ, Haaheim LR.
J Infect Dis. 1999 Oct;180(4):1356-60.

The postvaccination antibody response to influenza virus proteins.
Cox RJ, Brokstad KA.
APMIS. 1999 Mar;107(3):289-96.

Systemic and mucosal immune responses in young children and adults after parenteral influenza vaccination.
el-Madhun AS, Cox RJ, Søreide A, Olofsson J, Haaheim LR.
J Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;178(4):933-9.

Systemic and local immune responses after parenteral influenza vaccination in juvenile diabetic patients and healthy controls: results from a pilot study.
el-Madhun AS, Cox RJ, Seime A, Søvik O, Haaheim LR.
Vaccine. 1998 Jan-Feb;16(2-3):156-60.

Cross-reaction but no avidity change of the serum antibody response after influenza vaccination.
Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Major D, Wood JM, Haaheim LR.
Vaccine. 1995 Nov;13(16):1522-8.

IgA, IgA subclasses, and secretory component levels in oral fluid collected from subjects after parental influenza vaccination.
Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Oxford JS, Haaheim LR.
J Infect Dis. 1995 Apr;171(4):1072-4.

Parenteral influenza vaccination induces a rapid systemic and local immune response.
Brokstad KA, Cox RJ, Olofsson J, Jonsson R, Haaheim LR.
J Infect Dis. 1995 Jan;171(1):198-203.

An early humoral immune response in peripheral blood following parenteral inactivated influenza vaccination.
Cox RJ, Brokstad KA, Zuckerman MA, Wood JM, Haaheim LR, Oxford JS.
Vaccine. 1994 Aug;12(11):993-9.

Attenuation of virulence in influenza B viral infection of volunteers.
Zuckerman MA, Cox RJ, Oxford JS.
J Infect. 1994 Jan;28(1):41-8.

Rapid immune response to influenza vaccination.
Zuckerman M, Cox R, Taylor J, Wood J, Haaheim L, Oxford J.
Lancet. 1993 Oct 30;342(8879):1113. No abstract available.

Rapid quality evaluation of hybridomas using ELISPOT and cell-ELISA techniques.
Haaheim LR, Jonsson R.
Immunol Lett. 1992 Oct-Nov;34(2):135-42.

Activity of influenza vaccine against virus strains now circulating.
Zuckerman M, Cox R, Oxford J, Taylor J, Wood J, Haaheim L.
Lancet. 1992 Jan 11;339(8785):118. No abstract available.

Fine molecular specificity of linear and assembled antibody binding sites in HIV-1 p24.
Haaheim LR, Maskell JP, Mascagni P, Coates AR.
Scand J Immunol. 1991 Sep;34(3):341-50.

Benefit of a stroke unit: a randomized controlled trial.
Indredavik B, Bakke F, Solberg R, Rokseth R, Haaheim LL, Holme I.
Stroke. 1991 Aug;22(8):1026-31.

Monoclonal antibodies--their diagnostic potential.
Haaheim LR.
J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 Suppl A:443-50. Review.

Antibodies in sera from Norwegian multiple sclerosis patients and the general population reacting with HTLV-1. A pilot study.
Haaheim LR, Grønning M, Nyland H.
APMIS. 1989 Sep;97(9):767-73.

Staphylococcus aureus exopolysaccharide in vivo demonstrated by immunomagnetic separation and electron microscopy.
Johne B, Jarp J, Haaheim LR.
J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Jul;27(7):1631-5.

Antibodies to staphylococcal peptidoglycan and its peptide epitopes, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid in sera from blood donors and patients with staphylococcal infections.
Wergeland HI, Haaheim LR, Natås OB, Wesenberg F, Oeding P.
J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Jun;27(6):1286-91.

Monoclonal antibodies reacting with the exopolysaccharide xanthan from Xanthomonas campestris.
Haaheim LR, Kleppe G, Sutherland IW.
J Gen Microbiol. 1989 Mar;135(3):605-12.

Monoclonal antibodies evoked by the free oligopeptide (Gly)5 reacting specifically with peptidoglycan from staphylococci.
Wergeland HI, Asbakk KB, Haaheim LR.
J Immunol Methods. 1987 Nov 23;104(1-2):57-63.

Intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to staphylococcal antigens in multiple sclerosis patients.
Aasjord P, Nyland H, Haaheim LR.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand C. 1986 Jun;94(3):97-103.

Antibodies to lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus. Specificity of murine monoclonal and human antibodies.
Aasjord P, Haaheim LR.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand C. 1985 Dec;93(6):245-50.

Monoclonal antibodies to the h1 agglutinogen from Staphylococcus aureus 17A. Serological testing with type strains.
Haaheim LR, Lund H.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B. 1984 Dec;92(6):325-30.

A monoclonal antibody inhibiting human placental Fc gamma-receptor activity.
Matre R, Haaheim LR, Tönder O.
Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1984;75(3):227-9.

Strain specificity of serum antibody to the haemagglutinin of influenza A (H3N2) viruses in children following immunization or natural infection.
Oxford JS, Haaheim LR, Slepushkin A, Werner J, Kuwert E, Schild GC.
J0 Hyg (Lond). 1981 Feb;86(1):17-26.

Haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies in human sera to an antigenic mutant of influenza A/Texas/1/77 (H3N2) virus obtained in vitro.
Haaheim LR.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1980 Dec;88(6):351-3.

Antibodies to the strain-specific and cross-reactive determinants of the haemagglutinin of influenza H3N2 virus. 3. Selection of antigenic variations in vitro and in vivo.
Haaheim LR.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1980 Dec;88(6):341-5.

Antibodies to the strain-specific and cross-reactive determinants of the haemagglutinin of influenza H3N2 viruses. Antiviral activities of the antibodies in biological systems.
Haaheim LR, Schild GC.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1980 Dec;88(6):335-40.

Surveillance of the antibody status to current influenza strains in the Norwegian population. 2: Antibodies to the A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) virus in various age groups after the second epidemic wave.
Haaheim LR.
NIPH Ann. 1980 May;3(1):49-56.

Surveillance of the antibody status to current influenza strains in the Norwegian population. 1: Method of serum sampling and evaluation of the A/USSR/77 (H1N1) impact in various age groups in 1978.
Haaheim LR.
NIPH Ann. 1979 Dec;2(2):45-54.

Antibodies to the strain-specific and cross-reactive determinants of the haemagglutinin of influenza H3N2 viruses. 1. Preparation of antibodies and in vitro studies.
Haaheim LR, Schild GC.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1979 Oct;87(5):291-9.

[Influenza strategy].
Haaheim LR.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1978 Jan 20;98(2):63-4. Norwegian.

Single-radial-complement-fixation: a new immunodiffusion technique. Assay of the antibody response to the type-specific antigens of influenza virus in post-infection human sera.
Haaheim LR.
Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56(1):111-6.

Reactivity of rabbit IgG-fragments in single-radial-immunodiffusion.
Haaheim LR.
Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B. 1976 Jun;84(3):159-61.

Antigenic variants of influenza A virus obtained in vitro.
Haaheim LR, Schild GC.
Bull World Health Organ. 1976;53(4):305-11.