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GAP research group welcomes new EU air quality legislation

On 14 October 2024, the EU Council formally adopted the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (AAQD). This pivotal legislation introduces stricter limits on major air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), aligning it more with the World Health Organization (WHO)'s 2021 air quality guidelines (AQGs).

Table of air quality standards, comparing annual limit values for PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 between WHO and the EU, expressed in micrograms per cubic meter.
Table comparing WHO air quality guideline values (AQGs) and EU limit values for annual average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2.
Photo:
Shanshan Xu

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Air pollution poses a severe global public health threat, with nearly 99% of the world’s population breathing air that surpasses WHO limits, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. The new EU air quality standards promise substantial reductions in air pollution levels, addressing urgent public health challenges and aiming to protect vulnerable populations including children, the elderly, and those with respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The GAP research group has consistently shown that long-term exposure to low-level of air pollution significantly increases all-cause mortality and risks associated with respiratory conditions. Lifelong exposure to air pollution—from childhood and adolescence to adulthood—has been linked to a higher risk of asthma attacks, rhinitis, and reduced lung function in adulthood. Additionally, parental exposure to air pollution may increase asthma and allergy risks in offspring, while exposure during pregnancy is associated with lower birth weights and other adverse outcomes.

The GAP research group welcomes these changes, which echo our findings that cleaner air can significantly improve public health. This legislation marks a significant stride towards cleaner air and a healthier future for all.